c. 1200, religioun , “county of lifetime bound by monastic vows,” together with “step otherwise perform demonstrating a conviction inside a beneficial divine stamina and you may reverence to own and desire to please it,” of Anglo-French religiun (11c.), Dated French faith , relegion “piety, devotion; religious society,” and you may directly from Latin religionem (nominative religio ) “esteem for just what is actually sacred, reverence into the gods; conscientiousness, feeling of best, moral obligations; fear of the brand new gods; divine provider, spiritual observance; a faith, a religion, a style of worship, cult; sanctity, holiness,” in the Late Latin “monastic life” (5c.).
So it noun away from action is derived by the Cicero out-of relegere “proceed through once more” (in training or even in envision), from lso are- “again” (pick re also-) + legere “read” (look for lecture (n.)). But not, popular etymology among afterwards ancients (Servius, Lactantius, Augustine) plus the translation of a lot modern writers connects it which have religare “so you’re able to join fast” (find count), via the concept of “put a duty to the,” or “thread between people and gods.” If so, the fresh lso are- could be intense.
In English, the definition “brand of program from believe about praise away from a great divine becoming otherwise beings” is via c. 1300; the sense regarding “detection from and you can allegiance from inside the manner of lives (considered justly due) to the next, unseen fuel otherwise energies” was out of 1530s.
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word-forming ability definition “back, right back regarding, back to the original place;” also “again, anew, once more,” and additionally promoting the idea of “undoing” otherwise “backwards,” etc. (discover feel development lower than), c. 1200, from Old French lso are- and you can straight from Latin lso are- an inseparable prefix definition “again; back; anew, against.”
Watkins (2000) relates to which as a “Latin combining mode conceivably out of Indo-European *wret- , metathetical variant regarding *wert- “to turn.” De- Vaan states the newest “merely acceptable etymology” for it are an excellent 2004 reason which reconstructs a root for the Cake *ure “back.”
In basic Latin brand new prefix turned reddish- before vowels and you can h- , a type kept for the redact, redeem, redolent, redundant, redintegrate , and you can, in the disguise, promote (v.). In a few English terms and conditions of French and Italian re- appears as ra- in addition to following consonant is normally doubled (select rally (v.1)).
The countless meanings on thought of “back” provide re- its wide sense-range: “a spinning straight back; opposition; fix so you can a former condition; “changeover to help you a face-to-face condition.” In the extended senses from inside the “once more,” re- gets “repetition out-of a task,” as well as in it feel it’s very well-known since the good formative consider English, applicable to the verb. OED writes that it’s “impossible to try a complete listing of all the versions ensuing from its use,” and adds you to definitely “Exactly how many this type of is nearly infinite . “
Usually merely intensive, plus many of the older borrowings out-of French and Latin the particular feeling of lso are- was forgotten, forgotten during the supplementary senses, or poor beyond identification, so that it does not have any noticeable semantic blogs (receive, suggest, get well, get rid of, replicate, refer, faith, will always be, consult, require). Indeed there appear to have come alot more such as for instance terms within the Middle English than immediately after, elizabeth.grams. blued návÅ¡tÄ›vnÃků recomfort (v.) “so you can comfort, console; encourage;” recourse (n.) “a process, way, course.” Get well within the Center English and additionally you can expect to indicate “see, win” (joy, a kingdom, etcetera.) without notion of delivering something back, plus “acquire the top of hands, overcome; arrive at;” think about the fresh court sense of data recovery since “receive (property) of the view otherwise legal proceedings.”
And you may, due to voice changes and you can highlight shifts, re- often entirely seems to lose their label while the an effective prefix (rebel, relic, remnant, restive, other people (letter.2) “remainder,” rally (v.1) “gather”). In certain conditions it’s smaller so you can r-, such as ransom money (a good doublet off redemption), rampart, an such like.
It absolutely was made use of off Center English inside forming terms and conditions out of Germanic plus Latin points (rebuild, refill, reset, rewrite), and you will was applied thus inside Old French (regret, value, reward, etc.).
c. 1300, “written work, literature;” late 14c., “training from guides,” from Medieval Latin lectura “an understanding,” away from Latin lectus , previous participle from legere “to read,” to start with “to get, collect, choose, choose” (evaluate decide), away from Cake means *leg- (1) “to collect, gather,” having derivatives definition “to speak (to help you ‘pick aside words’).” Ergo to see are, perhaps, etymologically, in order to “pick out conditions.”
Faith (n.)
The feeling regarding “an understanding out loud, step from studying out loud” (in a choice of divine praise or perhaps to college students) into the English emerged very early 15c. Compared to “a commentary to your certain subject prior to a gathering getting aim regarding tuition” was of 1530s. Meaning “admonitory speech offered which have a perspective to reproof otherwise modification” is actually of c. 1600. Lecture-place was off 1793; lecture-hall off 1832. Inside the Greek the language however had the twice senses in accordance with “to speak” and “to gather” ( apologos “a narrative, story, fable;” elaiologos “an enthusiastic olive gatherer”).